Hormones talk a lot, and this topic has recently become more and more interesting to a wide range of non-professional athletes. There are a lot of questions on the use of GH in order to increase body mass, the side effects of the action of growth hormone, as well as on the options and availability of the GR in the Russian market. On these and other questions, I will try to answer in this article. Those who are not interested in the technical side of hormone action, you can immediately go to the second part of the article “the practical application of the GR non-medical purposes.”
Growth hormone and its mechanism of action. Growth hormone (GH) – a protein produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary. Of all the hormones of the pituitary gland it is produced in the greatest quantity. The formation and secretion of growth hormone regulates the hypothalamic releasing hormone, and somatostatin. Both of these factors produced by the hypothalamus. GH is produced throughout life. GH increases production during growth of the organism up to about 20 years and then decrease with age, with an average speed of 14% per decade.
Functions of growth hormone.GH stimulates both linear growth and growth of the internal organs. It causes an increase in the number and size of muscle cells, liver, thymus gland, gonads, adrenal gland and thyroid. It has an effect on the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates. It inhibits the activity of enzymes that degrade amino acids, increases the level of insulin-like growth factors I and II (IGF I and II) in the blood serum, stimulates the synthesis of collagen in bones, skin and other organs and tissues. GH increases the yield of glucose in the hepatic vein, enhances gluconeogenesis (formation of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors), reduces glucose uptake in the periphery, but also enhances lipolysis (fat breakdown), thereby increasing the concentration of free fatty acids in the blood that suppress insulin action on a membrane glucose transport.
The effect on protein synthesis. GH stimulates the transport of amino acids into muscle cells and also enhances protein synthesis, regardless of the effect on amino acid transport. People receiving GH, there is a positive nitrogen balance, which reflects the general increase in protein synthesis and decreased content of amino acids and urea in plasma and urine. These changes are accompanied by increasing levels of RNA and DNA synthesis in certain tissues. In this regard, GR deystrie similar to some of the effects of insulin.
Impact on carbohydrate metabolism. In terms of influence on carbohydrate metabolism growth hormone is an insulin antagonist. Hyperglycemia occurring after administration of GR, – the result of the combination of reduced peripheral glucose utilization and increased its production by the liver in the process of gluconeogenesis. By acting on the liver, GH increases glycogen content in it, probably due to activation of gluconeogenesis from amino acids. GH may cause a violation of certain glycolytic steps (decomposition of glucose in tissues) and to inhibit glucose transport. Inhibition of glucose in muscle decay may also be associated with the mobilization of fatty acids from triatsilglitserolovyh reserves.
Impact on lipid metabolism. Growth hormone has a powerful lipolytic action. Enhanced lipolysis processes with increased mobilization of fat depot, which leads to a rapid increase in the concentration of free fatty acids in plasma and their oxidation in the liver. Energy produced at elevated decay of fats used in anabolic processes in protein metabolism.
Regulated secretion and synthesis. On GH secretion affects a number of incentives (sleep, stress), and she, like many secretion of pituitary hormones is episodic and pulsating character. Within minutes, the level of GH in the plasma can be changed 10 times. One of the biggest peaks observed soon after falling asleep, which confirms the saying: “Who does not sleep, that is not growing.” Other incentives include stress (pain, cold, anxiety, surgery), exercise, acute hypoglycemia or starvation, protein foods or amino acid arginine. Possible connection of these and many other effectors to the main physiological action of GH consisting in sbereganii glucose. Under stress, hypoglycemia, during sleep or fasting GH stimulates lipolysis (fatty acid intake) and penetration into the cells of amino acids (potential substrates of gluconeogenesis), thus saving glucose for brain metabolism. On release of GH influences plurality of agents, including estrogen, dopamine, alpha-adrenergic compounds, serotonin, opioid polypeptides intestinal hormones and glucagon. The point of application of all these factors is the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, wherein regulation is carried out in growth hormone secretion by feedback type. Short system loop includes a positive (stimulatory) secretion regulator – somatoliberin – and negative (braking) controller – somatostatin. including estrogen, dopamine, alpha-adrenergic compounds, serotonin, opioid polypeptides, intestinal hormones and glucagon. The point of application of all these factors is the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, wherein regulation is carried out in growth hormone secretion by feedback type. Short system loop includes a positive (stimulatory) secretion regulator – somatoliberin – and negative (braking) controller – somatostatin. including estrogen, dopamine, alpha-adrenergic compounds, serotonin, opioid polypeptides, intestinal hormones and glucagon. The point of application of all these factors is the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, wherein regulation is carried out in growth hormone secretion by feedback type. Short system loop includes a positive (stimulatory) secretion regulator – somatoliberin – and negative (braking) controller – somatostatin.
Physiological and biochemical effects.Insulin-like growth factors (IGF). The growth-stimulating effect of GH defines primarily IGF-1, which is produced in the liver. IGF-1 regulates GH secretion, by suppressing release somatoliberin and stimulating the release of somatostatin. IGF-1 gene, which belongs to the family of insulin-like genes was originally known as “sulfonating factor” for its ability to stimulate the incorporation of sulfate into cartilage, it later became called somatomedin C. By structure, it is similar to proinsulin. In human plasma detected another related peptide – insulin-like growth factor 2. Both IGF-1 and IGF-2 bind to membrane receptors, however they may be separated by a specific radioimmunoassay. IGF-1 consists of 70 amino acids of IGF-2 – of 67. Despite the fact IGF-1 plasma levels less than half the content of IGF-2, IGF-1 is an affinity to the GR effects. Persons with deficiency of IGF-1, IGF-2 producing in sufficient quantities deprived of the ability to normal growth. Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF-2) are not pancreatic hormones, but nonetheless close to insulin in structure and function. Effect of insulin on the growth and replication (division) of cells is difficult to separate from the similar effects of the IGF-1 and IGF-2.
Indeed, insulin and insulin-like growth factors may interact in the process. Insulin exerts a strong influence on the metabolism than insulin-like growth factors, but recent strong stimulating cell growth. Each of these hormones has its specific receptor. These hormones are capable of some degree of cross-binding to receptors than perhaps explains their inherent biological activity is mixed. IGF-1 and IGF-2 are single chain polypeptides consisting of amino acids 70 and 67 respectively. Degree of correspondence between these two hormones reaches 62%, and 50% amino acid residues in each of them identical to those of insulin. The molecules of these growth factors have different antigenic sites and differently regulated. IGF-I stimulates the growth of cartilage and a number of processes in the cartilage: transport of amino acids, the synthesis of RNA, DNA, protein, chondro-itin sulfate collagen. Growth factors also exhibit insulin-like activity: in the muscles – is the stimulation of transport of amino acids (this process is much faster under the influence of IGF than under the influence of growth hormone) and glucose, the formation of collagen, the protein synthesis; in adipose tissue – stimulation of glucose transport, glucose oxidation to CO, incorporation of glucose into lipids, inhibition of lipolysis (similar to the mechanism of insulin action). Thus, growth hormone carries biological action through the formation of somatomedins (IGF-1 and IGF-2), which are formed in the liver and other peripheral tissues and mediate the anabolic, growth effect of growth hormone. The last exercise their action by means of hormonal, paracrine or autocrine mechanisms.
Practical application of growth hormone in non-medical purposes.
After reading mostly the same article on GH on famous and not-so-advertised sites, I came to believe that the Internet accurate information on the use of hormone virtually none. The diverse types of literature Bulanov sold in sports stores, also in doubt, we need only pick up a good reference book on medicine, so as always have to eksperimentrirovat. Having experienced the effect of GH in different dosages and combinations, I came to the conclusion that GH is really a potent drug for muscle growth and reduce body fat. However, in order to achieve impressive results when taking GH required a number of conditions, which can observe only a very limited number of people. And it’s not even about the money, it’s in your chart of life, which should be fully subordinated to nutrition, exercise and injections… that just might not be compatible with the work and other conditions of life for many. In advance, we note that the correct and effective use of GR can a high level of training of athletes with a large enough experience not only training, but also the use of other doping agents. For example, an ordinary rocking, dreaming to have biceps to 45-47 cm (and possibly more) should not think about the immediate use of GR, it can get what you want and when you use other drugs, all takes time and effort, though, if any athlete begins the right to build their training schedule, nutrition and concomitant medications, when possible use of GH such an athlete can get much better results. it may simply be incompatible with work and other conditions of life for many. In advance, we note that the correct and effective use of GR can a high level of training of athletes with a large enough experience not only training, but also the use of other doping agents. For example, an ordinary rocking, dreaming to have biceps to 45-47 cm (and possibly more) should not think about the immediate use of GR, it can get what you want and when you use other drugs, all takes time and effort, though, if any athlete begins the right to build their training schedule, nutrition and concomitant medications, when possible use of GH such an athlete can get much better results. it may simply be incompatible with work and other conditions of life for many. In advance, we note that the correct and effective use of GR can a high level of training of athletes with a large enough experience not only training, but also the use of other doping agents. For example, an ordinary rocking, dreaming to have biceps to 45-47 cm (and possibly more) should not think about the immediate use of GR, it can get what you want and when you use other drugs, all takes time and effort, though, if any athlete begins the right to build their training schedule, nutrition and concomitant medications, when possible use of GH such an athlete can get much better results. what is right and good use of GR can be a high level of training of athletes with a large enough experience not only training, but also the use of other doping agents. For example, an ordinary rocking, dreaming to have biceps to 45-47 cm (and possibly more) should not think about the immediate use of GR, it can get what you want and when you use other drugs, all takes time and effort, though, if any athlete begins the right to build their training schedule, nutrition and concomitant medications, when possible use of GH such an athlete can get much better results. what is right and good use of GR can be a high level of training of athletes with a large enough experience not only training, but also the use of other doping agents. For example, an ordinary rocking, dreaming to have biceps to 45-47 cm (and possibly more) should not think about the immediate use of GR, it can get what you want and when you use other drugs, all takes time and effort, though, if any athlete begins the right to build their training schedule, nutrition and concomitant medications, when possible use of GH such an athlete can get much better results.
Dosage.So, what is it like to a course of growth hormone? Drug activity is determined by the biological method and expressed in edenits actions (ED). In professional sports growth hormone is used very widely, for example athletes dosages ranging from 4 to 8 units per day, which is clearly not sufficient for a set of extraordinary muscle mass. Growth hormone has a pronounced anabolic effect, as well as when it is observed using a hyperplasia of cells of organs and tissues (increasing the number of structural elements of the cell due to their excessive formation). This effect is, of course, the most important for bodybuilders, can occur only at relatively long-term use of large doses of GH. The course duration should be at least 3 months, and the dosage of at least 12-16 units per day, administered for 2-3 injections. Such dosages are needed for rapid hypertrophy of muscle cells leading in turn to have hyperplasia of these cells. In the application of lower doses of these processes are too slow, so that was really strong growth of lean body mass. It should be remembered that the receptors quickly become accustomed to the hormone and also do not have to chop it too long, and yet that’s why GR should be taken in large doses. The course can last 3-4 months, after which the rest should follow, equal to the length of the course in the first half of which will still be observed rather strong effects of hormone action. Of course, GR can be taken for six months or more, but in small doses of 2-4 units per day, then the buds will be much slower to get used to, but it is achieved with the full effect of hypertrophy and hyperplasia of muscle cells is almost impossible.
Accompanying drugs. Now one more very important point is the preparations used together with GR. I want to remind you just in case, if someone else has not realized that we are talking about the use of GH with the purpose of hyper growth of muscle mass. For this growth, the maximum stimulation of the body and one GH for this is not enough. In addition, there are still reasons to include in the therapy of GR other hormones, but everything in order. Everyone has heard about the scheme: growth hormone + anabolic and androgenic steroids + insulin + thyroid hormones of the thyroid gland, for example triiodothyronine (in the network it is called cytomel, but there is no such drug). With the growth hormone is already more or less clear, so we move on to a / a steroids
Of course, steroids should be included in the complex, as with powerful anabolic properties, they uslilivayut hypertrophy of muscle cells, which, of course, will quickly lead to hyperplasia cells under the influence of GH. Now touch on insulin. In some places, you can hear that insulin in any case can not be used in conjunction with GH, or you can let some sort, but it is not so. Moreover, insulin is almost definitely need to take if your GH dosage is really high. The thing is that an excess of growth hormone in the body improves beta-cell function of the pancreas, their hyperplasia and the exhaustion of reserve capacity, which leads to diabetes. But here it should be noted that the sick with diabetes can only be a very long GH. unlikely that the course of 3-4 months in length lead to such an effect, exclude only those who have a genetic predisposition to diabetes, or already ill with mild stages of diabetes. In all cases, the use of insulin required, but methods of insulin should be distinguished from a simple application for supply growth. Insulin is needed to ease the burden on the pancreas, which is under the influence of GH, as has been said, too begins to work actively and deplete its reserves. Therefore effectively administered insulin before each meal by 6-8 units. In addition, insulin, as well having the ability to enhance the anabolic effects on muscle cells, further accelerating their growth. Let’s talk about hormones thyroid. In small doses of thyroid hormones also have an anabolic effect, expressed in accelerating metabolism (increased flow of substances pritatelnyh – carbohydrates, fats, proteins) and stimulate tissue growth. Although we must remember one thing – in large doses so-hormones contribute to the opposite effect, ie, strengthening the catabolic processes of protein breakdown in muscle cells. Professional sportmeny include thyroid hormone cycle is not due to their impact on growth, but rather due to the effects of large doses of GH on the function of the prostate gland. Effects on thyroid hyperplasia is expressed in prostate cells and consequently an increase in its dimensions. People suffering from acromegaly (excessively endogenous production of growth hormone), during the years of the disease, perhaps a rather strong increase in the size of the thyroid gland with changes of its functions or unchanged. Therefore, the use of GH in high doses can lead to inhibition of thyroid function with the development of symptoms of hypothyroidism. In principle, requires periodic monitoring of thyroid function and reception of thyroid preparations. Typically, athletes use high dosages of GH, taking 50 mg of triiodothyronine daily in two doses. Starting reception should be no more than 25 micrograms per day and increased to 50 mg after 7-10 days. Larger doses are not advised, because already noted, this can lead to loss of muscle mass. So, if your plans are to increase muscle mass is so ambitious, and you decide to use growth hormone, it must be remembered that at high dosages of GH that can really stimulate the powerful muscle growth, you must also use other hormones,
Side effects.Side effects when using GH may be different depending on the dosage of the drug and time characteristics of the organism. Possible headache, increased intracranial pressure, nausea, edema syndrome, hyperglycemia (elevated blood glucose), local reactions – the change of volume of adipose tissue (must change places subcutaneous injection due to the possibility of development of lipoatrophy – combustion adipose tissue). Effects of long-term overdose: inhibition of thyroid function with the development of the symptoms of hypothyroidism (decreased production of T-hormones by the thyroid gland), impaired function of the pancreas with the possibility of developing diabetes, increased growth of not only the soft tissue, but the cartilage and bone, resulting in the consolidation of the devil face, increasing the size of the upper and lower extremities.
Other moments.As always, I want to note that proper and adequate nutrition is the basis of all sizes. exchange processes are so strongly curled under the influence of GR and associated drugs that 5 meals a day not to be missed for serious growth. 8 meals with a high content of protein, carbohydrate, and fat will give all necessary for the accelerated growth of lean body mass under the influence of insulin circuit GH + + + thyroiditis steroids. The body’s need for food must be met At least 1 time in 1.5-2 hours. With this mode, it seems almost non-stop eating the food, but it will be a major part of your growth. The basis of the daily diet is the food from the market, ie, fresh meat, eggs, dairy products, cereals, vegetables and so on. Admission dry mixes and other supplements that are sold in sports shops, We should not think only in the last instance. The exceptions are vitamin-mineral complexes, because even with a strong desire, you do not reach the required connections only your body with healthy food. Intake of vitamins and minerals is mandatory.
Options.From 1958 to 1985, received only growth hormone from the pituitary human cadaver. Since 1985, GH are produced by recombinant DNA technology, which allows the drug in large quantities and increase the availability of the drug. To date, human GR obtained from human cadaver pituitary gland found in commercially impossible. Although the market you can offer human growth hormone allegedly produced in Kaunas (Lithuania somatic, as it is often called), this product has a very weak lipotropic effect, which allows people to be deceived never previously untapped real GR. There is plenty of evidence, visible to the naked eye, proving false proiskhodzhenie this product, such as ready solubility and the almost complete absence of opalescence. This long somatotropin dissolved in water for injection and as much opalescent mixture was formed thick, especially when a loss in GH administration dissolved insulin syringe after mixing with water. But the easiest way to call in Kaunas and find out that such a product is not produced at the plant “Endokrininyay prepratay”. What can realistically offer the Russian market of medicines wishing to buy original HGH? In pharmacies, you can buy a synthetic GH doses of 4 and 16 units under the names Genotropin, Norditropin, but the cost of these drugs is greater than all conceivable boundaries – from 65 to 90 dollars for 4 units. Price formed not because of the complexity of production, but rather out of a desire to make a sale growth hormone wealthy patients, able to lay out a few thousand dollars for a course of “rejuvenation” that is becoming popular in Russia after the Western countries, where such courses are held for a long time Hollywood stars and just rich people. For dwarfs in our country there is a program in which bolnoychelovek can get absolutely free the required amount of growth hormone for treatment. About two years ago, appeared in Russia in Sales Dzhintropin synthetic growth hormone, proizvodstvaGenScience Pharmaceuticals, China. GenSci company in the Chinese market has been known since 1996. During the seven years of its existence it has become GenSci pharmaceutical company that develops, manufactures and sells all over the world with modern medication, created on the basis of new genetic engineering technologies. Products of the company compares favorably with the cost of their famous western konkurenotov, the quality of the drug as if nothing inferior to what can be seen by all of a sudden grew up the level of preparedness of famous Russian athletes bodybuilding. Dzhintropin available in dosages of 10 and 4 IU. bottle cost 10 units is from 35 to 40 USD, a bottle of 4 units can be bought for 18-20 USD
Conclusion. Growth hormone is an amazing and powerful drug that can serve different purposes. In any case, the dosage and duration of use are crucial. Do not look for any real muscle growth using 4 dosage units per day, most of it is so much advised to use counterfeit sellers. While there is no possibility of a fully secure a sufficient amount of the drug course, you should not be taken for the use of GH for muscle growth. It is also important to use the GR of other drugs, without which not only will not achieve a good result, but you can earn a chronic disease. Therefore, around the need to be careful, not trusting the first word of some pitching, which stands behind the counter of a sports shop and advertise the goods of his employer.
